Beeler Reuter Model
for one ventricular cell


This applet is used to simulate the activation of ventricular cells using the Beeler-Reuter model. It is particularly designed to illustrate the concept of all-or-none repolarization.

To use the applet, click the Start button to initiate the simulation and the Reset button to return the parameters to their initial values. Check the box for each variable to plot it in the window. The action potential durations and diastolic intervals of the last two action potentials are computed automatically.

Things to try:

  • Change the timing of the last stimulus to occur during repolarization and observe the result.
  • Adjust the timing of the three stimuli to determine how early a stimulus can be applied and still generate a full action potential.
  • Investigate the effects of "memory" of previous activations by measuring the last APD produced over a range of S3 timings for fixed values of S1 and S2 (this forms a restitution curve), and then repeating with a different fixed value of S2.
  • Analyze the effects of stimulus current magnitude and stimulus duration. Note that the longer the stimulus is applied, the lower the magnitude required to produce an action potential, and vice versa.

    Beeler GW, Reuter H. (1977) J Physiol 268, 177-210.